Water is a limiting factor for the development of arid regions. This constraint is exacerbated by the non-renewable nature of this resource in Arid Zones. Its mobilization faces an ever-increasing socio-economic pressure. Its exploitation is directly conditioned by its qualitative aspect in relation to edaphic constraints. For example, we can mainly cite:

1. Rising groundwater levels in the Oued Souf region causing urban and agricultural sanitation problems as well as waterborne disease risks.
2. Secondary salinization of soils in the Oued Righ area and in the southern Ziban region, which could compromise the date palm economy of the largest production basins.
3. Degradation of some hydraulic works due to the corrosive nature of certain waters.
4. Discharge of large volumes of wastewater directly into often dry riverbeds or closed depressions without an outlet, inevitably leading to a major risk of contamination of underlying water tables in the surrounding environment.

In response to this situation, research in arid environments must contribute to addressing these issues by:

• Developing tools for quantifying and managing the resource, both from a quantitative and qualitative perspective.
• Developing appropriate exploitation, management, and forecasting systems related to the salinity of these resources in connection with the requirements of the environment. (Irrigation techniques, exploitation techniques, etc.).